My father returned to the lovely island where he ……………………… all his childhood already.

One year ago, Jennifer decided that she was going to change her lifestyle ……………………. taking better care of her health.

Thomas Edison, who was the inventor of the light bulb and the phonograph …………………….

Many of those people …………………. are actually against the idea of a factory in this area.

To be ………………………. that you do not know as much as you should is a great step to knowledge.

Although it took a lot of time and energy to raise the money needed to rebuild the school, in the end everyone agreed that it had been a valuable ………………………….

William Faulkner once stated that the man who ………………………. a mountain begins by carrying away small stones.

I don’t ………………………. having spoken about it to her before, but she says she is sure that we discussed it just last week.

The philosopher once said that our real happiness does not …………………… the hunger for money or fame; it can, in fact, be only found nowhere but in living in peace.

Some animal and plant species have already disappeared from the face of the Earth; now scientists believe that a greater and quicker ……………………. of many animals and plants is on the way due to climate change.

Out of my entire time in high school, one day in particular ……………………… in my mind the day of the big biology test.

In wintertime the town becomes crowded because many people from the ……………… villages come there to work.

part B: Cloze lest

Directions: Questions 13_17 are related to the following passage. Read the passage and decide which choice (1), (2), (3), or (4) best fits each space. Then mark your answer sheet.

As you know, a computer needs to have an operating system in order to run programs. When most people think about the first operating systems that were (13) …………………. for the personal computer Microsoft or Bill gates may come to (14) ……………………. Actually, the truth is somewhat different.

In the late 1970s, there was a man in Seattle (15) …………………. Tim Paterson, who worked for a company that was called Seattle Computer. He was a computer programmer and (16) ………………. Paterson got tired of waiting for another company to create one (17) ……………………. to develop his own program. He called it QDOS, which meant “quick and dirty operating system.” It took him about four months to develop it.

question13:

As you know, a computer needs to have an operating system in order to run programs. When most people think about the first operating systems that were (13) …………………. for the personal computer Microsoft or Bill gates may come to (14) ……………………. Actually, the truth is somewhat different.

In the late 1970s, there was a man in Seattle (15) …………………. Tim Paterson, who worked for a company that was called Seattle Computer. He was a computer programmer and (16) ………………. Paterson got tired of waiting for another company to create one (17) ……………………. to develop his own program. He called it QDOS, which meant “quick and dirty operating system.” It took him about four months to develop it.

question14:

As you know, a computer needs to have an operating system in order to run programs. When most people think about the first operating systems that were (13) …………………. for the personal computer Microsoft or Bill gates may come to (14) ……………………. Actually, the truth is somewhat different.

In the late 1970s, there was a man in Seattle (15) …………………. Tim Paterson, who worked for a company that was called Seattle Computer. He was a computer programmer and (16) ………………. Paterson got tired of waiting for another company to create one (17) ……………………. to develop his own program. He called it QDOS, which meant “quick and dirty operating system.” It took him about four months to develop it.

question15:

As you know, a computer needs to have an operating system in order to run programs. When most people think about the first operating systems that were (13) …………………. for the personal computer Microsoft or Bill gates may come to (14) ……………………. Actually, the truth is somewhat different.

In the late 1970s, there was a man in Seattle (15) …………………. Tim Paterson, who worked for a company that was called Seattle Computer. He was a computer programmer and (16) ………………. Paterson got tired of waiting for another company to create one (17) ……………………. to develop his own program. He called it QDOS, which meant “quick and dirty operating system.” It took him about four months to develop it.

question16:

As you know, a computer needs to have an operating system in order to run programs. When most people think about the first operating systems that were (13) …………………. for the personal computer Microsoft or Bill gates may come to (14) ……………………. Actually, the truth is somewhat different.

In the late 1970s, there was a man in Seattle (15) …………………. Tim Paterson, who worked for a company that was called Seattle Computer. He was a computer programmer and (16) ………………. Paterson got tired of waiting for another company to create one (17) ……………………. to develop his own program. He called it QDOS, which meant “quick and dirty operating system.” It took him about four months to develop it.

question17:

Part C: Reading Comprehension

Directions: In this part of the test, you will read two passages. Each passage is followed by four questions. Answer the questions by choosing the best choice (1), (2), (3), or (4). Then mark your answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1:

To overlearn is “to continue studying or practicing (something) even after one somehow has learned something completely so as to strengthen the learned material or skill,” according to The American Heritage Dictionary.

For many students, it’s difficult to understand this idea. If Emily has learned a lesson, she wants to put her pencil down and walk away. If Scott has got a high mark on a test, he’s ready to throw away his notes from the studying session the night before.

According to psychological studies, however, overlearning is important to successful retention of material and performance of tasks. “Don’t Just Learn—Overlearn,” a blog Post by Annie Murphy Paul, explains the empirical evidence behind overlearning.

Murphy Paul mentions a study conducted by assistant professor Alaa Ahmed, which measured the amount of energy spent on a task that was repeated over and over. The study, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, found that as participants became more skilled at a task, the amount of energy used to perform that task decreased. “By the end of the learning process, the amount of effort they made to do the task had decreased about 20 percent from when they started,” Murphy Paul writes.

The writer has referred to Emily and Scott in paragraph 2 in order to …………………

PASSAGE 1:

To overlearn is “to continue studying or practicing (something) even after one somehow has learned something completely so as to strengthen the learned material or skill,” according to The American Heritage Dictionary.

For many students, it’s difficult to understand this idea. If Emily has learned a lesson, she wants to put her pencil down and walk away. If Scott has got a high mark on a test, he’s ready to throw away his notes from the studying session the night before.

According to psychological studies, however, overlearning is important to successful retention of material and performance of tasks. “Don’t Just Learn—Overlearn,” a blog Post by Annie Murphy Paul, explains the empirical evidence behind overlearning.

Murphy Paul mentions a study conducted by assistant professor Alaa Ahmed, which measured the amount of energy spent on a task that was repeated over and over. The study, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, found that as participants became more skilled at a task, the amount of energy used to perform that task decreased. “By the end of the learning process, the amount of effort they made to do the task had decreased about 20 percent from when they started,” Murphy Paul writes.

The author has provided all of the following in relation to overlearning EXCEPT its ……………………

PASSAGE 1:

To overlearn is “to continue studying or practicing (something) even after one somehow has learned something completely so as to strengthen the learned material or skill,” according to The American Heritage Dictionary.

For many students, it’s difficult to understand this idea. If Emily has learned a lesson, she wants to put her pencil down and walk away. If Scott has got a high mark on a test, he’s ready to throw away his notes from the studying session the night before.

According to psychological studies, however, overlearning is important to successful retention of material and performance of tasks. “Don’t Just Learn—Overlearn,” a blog Post by Annie Murphy Paul, explains the empirical evidence behind overlearning.

Murphy Paul mentions a study conducted by assistant professor Alaa Ahmed, which measured the amount of energy spent on a task that was repeated over and over. The study, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, found that as participants became more skilled at a task, the amount of energy used to perform that task decreased. “By the end of the learning process, the amount of effort they made to do the task had decreased about 20 percent from when they started,” Murphy Paul writes.

According to the passage, who got an article published in The Journal of Neuroscience?

PASSAGE 1:

To overlearn is “to continue studying or practicing (something) even after one somehow has learned something completely so as to strengthen the learned material or skill,” according to The American Heritage Dictionary.

For many students, it’s difficult to understand this idea. If Emily has learned a lesson, she wants to put her pencil down and walk away. If Scott has got a high mark on a test, he’s ready to throw away his notes from the studying session the night before.

According to psychological studies, however, overlearning is important to successful retention of material and performance of tasks. “Don’t Just Learn—Overlearn,” a blog Post by Annie Murphy Paul, explains the empirical evidence behind overlearning.

Murphy Paul mentions a study conducted by assistant professor Alaa Ahmed, which measured the amount of energy spent on a task that was repeated over and over. The study, published in The Journal of Neuroscience, found that as participants became more skilled at a task, the amount of energy used to perform that task decreased. “By the end of the learning process, the amount of effort they made to do the task had decreased about 20 percent from when they started,” Murphy Paul writes.

According to the study reported in paragraph 3, the amount of energy spent on a task that is repeated over and over ……………………

PASSAGE 2:

You probably don’t like the term ‘staycation’. Me neither. But you mustn’t be put off. As a concept, it is quite attractive. Perhaps you’ve already had one, but weren’t aware that’s what it was called. Staycations don’t just mean staying in doing things around the house or just relaxing at home. They involve getting out more by taking day trips from your home to see local sights. If you don’t want to stay at home, you can holiday locally—for example, camping at a local campsite.

Staycations originally became popular after the financial crisis of 2008, when people were looking for ways to reduce their spending. Apart from the savings, let’s not ignore the other benefits: you don’t have any of the problems associated with travel, such as packing, long drives, delays at airports and so on; and you bring money to the local economy, by eating out, for example. The only people who hope this kind of holiday won’t become popular are the holiday companies themselves.

Some staycationers who base themselves at home like to follow a set of rules, such as setting a start and end date, planning their activities ahead of time and avoiding routine. You don’t have to do these things, but it helps to create the feel of a traditional vacation. Others, aware that an extra barbecue and a visit to the local zoo may not match the thrill of foreign travel, take it a step further. A recent example was Karen Ash, whose story appeared in the Wall Street Journal.

The passage introduces staycation as an alternative to ………………………

PASSAGE 2:

You probably don’t like the term ‘staycation’. Me neither. But you mustn’t be put off. As a concept, it is quite attractive. Perhaps you’ve already had one, but weren’t aware that’s what it was called. Staycations don’t just mean staying in doing things around the house or just relaxing at home. They involve getting out more by taking day trips from your home to see local sights. If you don’t want to stay at home, you can holiday locally—for example, camping at a local campsite.

Staycations originally became popular after the financial crisis of 2008, when people were looking for ways to reduce their spending. Apart from the savings, let’s not ignore the other benefits: you don’t have any of the problems associated with travel, such as packing, long drives, delays at airports and so on; and you bring money to the local economy, by eating out, for example. The only people who hope this kind of holiday won’t become popular are the holiday companies themselves.

Some staycationers who base themselves at home like to follow a set of rules, such as setting a start and end date, planning their activities ahead of time and avoiding routine. You don’t have to do these things, but it helps to create the feel of a traditional vacation. Others, aware that an extra barbecue and a visit to the local zoo may not match the thrill of foreign travel, take it a step further. A recent example was Karen Ash, whose story appeared in the Wall Street Journal.

What is the author’s purpose of the following sentence taken from the first paragraph?

“Staycations don’t just mean staying in doing things around the house or just relaxing at home.”

PASSAGE 2:

You probably don’t like the term ‘staycation’. Me neither. But you mustn’t be put off. As a concept, it is quite attractive. Perhaps you’ve already had one, but weren’t aware that’s what it was called. Staycations don’t just mean staying in doing things around the house or just relaxing at home. They involve getting out more by taking day trips from your home to see local sights. If you don’t want to stay at home, you can holiday locally—for example, camping at a local campsite.

Staycations originally became popular after the financial crisis of 2008, when people were looking for ways to reduce their spending. Apart from the savings, let’s not ignore the other benefits: you don’t have any of the problems associated with travel, such as packing, long drives, delays at airports and so on; and you bring money to the local economy, by eating out, for example. The only people who hope this kind of holiday won’t become popular are the holiday companies themselves.

Some staycationers who base themselves at home like to follow a set of rules, such as setting a start and end date, planning their activities ahead of time and avoiding routine. You don’t have to do these things, but it helps to create the feel of a traditional vacation. Others, aware that an extra barbecue and a visit to the local zoo may not match the thrill of foreign travel, take it a step further. A recent example was Karen Ash, whose story appeared in the Wall Street Journal.

According to the passage, what caused staycation to appear as a popular trend was ……………………

PASSAGE 2:

You probably don’t like the term ‘staycation’. Me neither. But you mustn’t be put off. As a concept, it is quite attractive. Perhaps you’ve already had one, but weren’t aware that’s what it was called. Staycations don’t just mean staying in doing things around the house or just relaxing at home. They involve getting out more by taking day trips from your home to see local sights. If you don’t want to stay at home, you can holiday locally—for example, camping at a local campsite.

Staycations originally became popular after the financial crisis of 2008, when people were looking for ways to reduce their spending. Apart from the savings, let’s not ignore the other benefits: you don’t have any of the problems associated with travel, such as packing, long drives, delays at airports and so on; and you bring money to the local economy, by eating out, for example. The only people who hope this kind of holiday won’t become popular are the holiday companies themselves.

Some staycationers who base themselves at home like to follow a set of rules, such as setting a start and end date, planning their activities ahead of time and avoiding routine. You don’t have to do these things, but it helps to create the feel of a traditional vacation. Others, aware that an extra barbecue and a visit to the local zoo may not match the thrill of foreign travel, take it a step further. A recent example was Karen Ash, whose story appeared in the Wall Street Journal.

What is the paragraph immediately following this passage most likely to discuss?